Sardanis lays Zambia bare in latest book

By Andrew Mulenga

It is Christmas time again, and where else should this joyful season be celebrated more than in the country that was declared a Christian nation by its second republican president Frederick Titus Jacob Chiluba, hallowed by many for the proclamation. 

Sardanis' latest book is available 

in leading bookstores countrywide

However, it is 17 years to the day that Zambia’s first republican president Dr. Kenneth Kaunda, 73-years old at the time, spent this supposedly joyful season behind bars, in a cell at Mukobeko Maximum Prison in Kabwe by the command of his successor on suspicion of masterminding a 1997 coup attempt. This is just one of the many plot points that Andrew Sardanis brings to light in his jubilee reflections for his latest and aptly titled book, Zambia the First 50 years.

“Christians the world over celebrate Christmas as a season of goodwill. And Chiluba kept bragging that he had declared Zambia a Christian nation. Yet, perversely on Christmas morning, he sent his paramilitaries to arrest Kaunda and charge him with masterminding the coup. They surrounded Kaunda’s house at 4 a.m., searched it from corner to corner and in the afternoon, they bundled him into a truck and took him to the Lusaka remand prison”, writes Sardanis in the 18^th chapter, entitled Vengeance and Cruelty and Frustrated Ambition dedicated almost entirely to Chiluba whom he describes as “a mean and vengeful man”.

“They charged him (Kaunda) officially and threw him in a cell already holding 19 others. Three days later, they flew him by helicopter to Mukobeko […] There he was given a cell and a bed. But Kaunda promptly went on hunger strike, a weapon he had used time and again in the past […] Kaunda is a veteran fighter and a tough one and I have known him to fast voluntarily for prolonged periods. I thought Chiluba had bitten of more than he could chew but, unexpectedly, he got out of the tight corner with the help of President Nyerere of Tanzania.”

President Mwanawasa by Kiss Abrahams, the 

cartoonist provides a snippets of humour in the book

Sardanis reminds us that it is in fact Nyerere and wife Maria that flew in from Dar es Salaam and managed to convince KK to stop his hunger strike when the couple threatened to join.

“Ken you are going to eat, or Maria and I are staying here (Mukobeko) to starve with you”, warned Nyerere.

This is just a snippet of the many gripping episodes Sardanis reawakens in his book. While this chapter appears to somewhat vilify Chiluba, by alluding that under his administration “the country saw a number of assassinations, a phenomenon never experienced in Zambia before. They all remained unsolved […],” pointing out the peculiar deaths of political leaders with great promise and potential presidential ambitions such as Baldwin Nkumbula, Ronald Penza and Wezi Kaunda. 

Nevertheless it is not only Chiluba that gets the pointed end of the author’s pen. He takes a swipe at every past president, dead or alive, KK included, and he particularly isolates the later part the first president’s one-party rule as one of the most problematic periods in the history of the country, highlighting its many glitches in detail. In fact four chapters of the book are dedicated to this under the heading The UNIP Dictatorship.

Iminwe ya Gold (Hands of Gold) Frederick Chiluba 

1991-2001, acrylic on canvas by Geoffrey Phiri 

depicts a gold chain-clad FTJ gambling

But, among the “read it twice” chapters of the book are A Protectorate (Within a Province) is pampered…and The Hateful Western Province where he expertly lays bare the complex issue that is the Barotseland saga.

Nonetheless one of the most fascinating chapters in the book is perhaps the 29^th, entitled President Sata and His Future Legacy. This extremely prophetic text literally foretells the current chaos in the ruling Patriotic Front party as clear as if Sardanis was looking into a crystal ball. He starts by alluding that the ruling PF’s structure was problematic because it borrowed too much from KKs UNIP.

“All Sata’s headaches in the second half of 2013 stemmed from the central committee of his party. Central committees had been relegated to backroom status by all three presidents (Chiluba, Mwanwasa and Banda) of the MMD era because of the oppressive rule perpetrated by the central committee of the one party state”, he writes.

Andrew Sardanis - the book is a detailed
examination of most major events in our
 history since independence - Picture by Leonard Musabula

In this chapter, the author warns Sata against the wanton persecution of opposition political leaders as well as the intimidation of his own PF members.

“[…] the opposition parties and many members of his own party that have been kicked around during the infighting may band together in a new political movement, as happened with the MMD in 1990. If forced into a corner the country is capable repeating this feat. And the infighting within the PF that has been taking place since the middle of 2013 makes this a very serious possibility”, he observes.

He notes that although the Zambian populace is very patient, once it decides enough is enough it throws its leaders out as it did with KK and Chiluba. Shortly after these observations, he takes another jab at the ruling PF as well as the media, private and public which he believes supports it, without mentioning names. 

“The politicking that has taken over the patriotic front has become the major preoccupation of the party and all the media that support it. Nobody seems to pay any attention to anything else. There is little coverage of national issues. The main preoccupation of the media is to report who said what about whom”, he alludes “Inane statements by obscure politicians about equally obscure rivals make headlines, so the prowess of one clique in the PF can be praised and its opponents vilified. I know some editors personally; many had notable careers and they are capable of better. I am amazed at the tactics they employ and I hope they snap out of it; if for nothing else, for the sake of the young journalists who are coming up now. What example are we setting for them to follow?”

Sardanis book has a captivating narrative that reads like a paperback thriller and some readers will find easy to read all 370 pages at one sitting. However, featuring a 31-page appendix, three-page glossary, and six-page index it is in reality a complex, and well researched text book demanding to be read by any student of political science, economics, law, history and social studies. 

The number crunching he streamlines when discussing the privatization of the mines, Chiluba’s Zamptrop accounts or unemployment and education statistics echo his passion for figures and his constant analysis of them throughout the book therefore frames it like scaffolding, reminding us that he has been a astute businessman and administrator all his life. He directly reminds us in the very beginning of the book that after independence KK appointed him chairman and CEO of the Industrial Development Corporation (INDECO) with the mandate “to promote Zambian participation in business” and with KK he would plan the Mulungushi reforms in 1968 “in order to give a fillip to Zambian business”, shortly after, he was given the additional jobs of PS (Director General) to the Ministry of Commerce and Trade. 

Art lovers and students too are not to be omitted from this list of people that must read it as the book contains selected images of 14 paintings by leading Zambian artists from his Chaminuka Art Collection as well as three satirical illustrations by top cartoonist Kiss Abrahams. An entire section in full colour is dedicated to art in a segment entitled Zambia and its People as seen by its Artists.

Anyhow, in the author’s own words, the book is “a detailed examination of most major events in our history since independence”. And to borrow the last paragraph of his prologue: Fifty years is a short period in any nation’s history. The future is endless and I commend it to the future generations. I am confident that they will do better than their forefathers. I am sure that they will make this country great and a jewel in the crown of Africa.”

Note: Andrew Sardanis was born in colonial Cyprus, worked as a journalist and moved to Northern Rhodesia in 1950. He participated in the Zambian independence movement and played a major role in the first administration of the country. After a business career that took him to almost all the sub-Saharan countries he now takes care of Chaminuka nature reserve near Lusaka, Zambia. He is the author of Africa: Another side of the coin and A Venture in Africa. (source: Zambia the First 50 years).

Zambia the First 50 years by Andrew Sardanis (I.B. Taurus & Co. Ltd., 2014), 370 pages, hardcover, Jacket illustration by Lawrence Yombwe ISBN 978 – 1 – 78076 – 821 – 2  

SADC arts councils could aid regional poverty reduction

By Andrew Mulenga

Southern Africa’s National Arts Councils can collectively play a leading role in building workable and conducive environments where cultural resources can be used for poverty eradication, job creation and significant contributions to national Gross Domestic Products.

This is an assessment springing from two days of robust debate and exchange of ideas at a colloquium entitled Artist Rights and Regional Cooperation in Southern Africa held in Cape Town, South Africa that brought together key players, cultural operators, creative practitioners and government officials from 8 Southern African countries early this month.

AN Secretary General Peter Rorvik observed that 

all stakeholders need to be involved at practitioner, 

public, private and civil society level - (Photo - Grant Williams)

The colloquium was organized by the Arterial Network’s (AN) South African chapter and the continental group’s Artwatch Africa (AWA) creative rights programme. Opening the series of closed door, as well as public sessions that focused on success stories and strategies to raise awareness on the status of the arts, culture and heritage sectors of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), AN Secretary General Peter Rorvik observed that all stakeholders need to be involved at practitioner, public, private and civil society level.

The first session of the colloquium, Cultural Ownership and Artist Rights Administration in Southern African brought to light some success stories from Malawi and Madagascar on artists and creative communities’ ability to benefit from the collection of royalties. Lightwell Kachimba from the Copyright Society of Malawi shared how his country’s musicians – with the aid of a UNESCO collaboration -- are not only benefiting financially from airplay on private and public radio stations but also on how the local music scene can boldly claim that it is in fact a “music industry” as it continuously contributes a growing margin towards the country’s GDP. Deidre Prins, an independent researcher and scholar explained how a community in Madagascar has managed to save an ancient and traditional dance, maintaining its traditional authenticity but also allowing it to adapt and merge with more recent and foreign genres.

In a session on cultural mobility Vis a Vis the mobility of artists and creative products, Daves Ghuza of Zimbabwe, Maswati Dludlu of Swaziland and Yvette Hardie of South Africa discussed the challenges that the sector faces and observed that it was only through lobbying governments on the importance for regional integration within the arts that the sector will be seen to be strengthened as a profitable force to reckon with.

A session entitled The Role of Arts Councils saw three country heads Elvas of the Mari National Arts Council of Zimbabwe, Stanley Dlamini from the Swaziland National Arts and Culture Council and Rosemary Mangope of the National Arts Council of South Africa discuss the role of arts councils in cultural policy development.

Unlike the Zambian situation where arts policy documents have been hanging in the balance of uncertainty, more so with the current political ambiguity in the country towards next month’s presidential by-elections, it was acknowledged that Zimbabwe and South Africa had made considerable progress towards renewing their existing policy documents with the aid of the councils as statutory agencies. While the panel discussed the many ways that arts councils can help support a favorable environment for creativity and development, it is during this session that SA’s Mangope urged artistes to refrain from being “the beggar”, declaring that although they had a right to entitlement, they should not always see themselves as being eligible for funding and assistance, instead they should prove their self-sustainability when they approach councils for funding.

Mangope urged artistes to refrain 

from being “the beggar”

 

Nevertheless, while overall the colloquium intended to identify only three common themes that would be redrafted as a problem statement, five key points would end up emerging from the discussions that will need “the formulation of concrete actions that can be put into process”:

The first was the SADC cultural desk “The colloquium strongly identified the need to resuscitate the SADC cultural desk as a significant step towards regional exchange in the fields of arts, culture and the creative industries. As Zimbabwe is the current chair of SADC it is proposed that AN Zimbabwe should play a leading role in the process to reinstate the Cultural Desk, and gather momentum before Botswana assumes the chair of the SADC in August 2015.”

The second was cultural exchanges, “The colloquium proposes enhanced focus on cultural exchanges between SADC countries. The reinstating of the SADC Cultural Desk is expected to accelerate and enrich this process. It is envisaged that SADC cultural festivals could also be reinstated.”

The third was revitalising AN National Chapters “While some AN chapters in the region are doing well, it is also recognised that others are not properly functional. In order to strengthen cooperation between countries we need to revitalise national chapters that are lagging behind. AN will explore a range of supportive measures through which the capacity and effectiveness of national chapters can be enhanced.”

The fourth was capacity building, “This links directly with the fore-going point. An evaluation will be undertaken to assess the needs in the respective countries and how best these can be addressed. One contribution to this process will be through various forms of capacity building. AN will seek funding support to accelerate the process.”

National Arts Council regional bodies, “The colloquium identified the need for greater cooperation between the National Arts Councils of the region, suggesting that a regional SADC structure of National Arts Councils will serve such a purpose. Whilst such a process should best be driven by National Arts Councils themselves, AN will play a facilitative role where required.”

AN is arguably the fastest growing network of creative practitioners on the African continent with a good number of success stories at chapter and continental level, having successfully introduced and hosted the African Creative Economy Conference four times. The network was launched in 2007 when delegates from 14 African countries met on Gorée Island, Senegal but it now has official national chapters in 40 countries, however, one can argue that it has perhaps grown too rapidly and may tend to demand too much in terms of perceived activity among individual country chapters.

It is high time that the network collectively took a few steps back to look at how difficult it is to run civil society bodies on the African continent, seeing there is no common pool of funding for each individual chapter, also Africa is not one country and each state is unique with its own policies and commitments towards the arts among other things. 

Also African boarders are not as seamless as Europe’s Schengen countries; take for instance the terribly embarrassing situation that occurred towards the run up to the African Creative Economy Conference in Rabat, Morocco last month. A good number of creative practitioners were unable to attend the conference because of the host country’s excruciatingly restrictive VISA procedures particularly towards fellow African states outside the Arab North. The prohibitive mobility situation appeared to be compounded by the country’s exaggerated Ebola fears; bear in mind this is around the period when the North African Kingdom disgracefully failed to confirm its hosting of the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations subsequently attracting a two-tournament ban by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).